IL-17RB (IL-25 receptor)

Class

anti-IL-25-receptor (IL-17RB) monoclonal antibody

Pathway

blocks IL-25-driven Th2/Th17 dual inflammatory signaling

IL-17RB, also known as the IL-25 receptor, is a cell-surface receptor expressed on immune cells such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), mast cells, and subsets of T helper cells. Its natural ligand, IL-25 (also called IL-17E), is an alarmin—a signaling protein released by damaged or stressed epithelial tissue, for example the lining of the airways or skin. When IL-25 engages IL-17RB, it triggers downstream signaling that promotes type 2 inflammation (characterized by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and, in some tissue contexts, contributes to Th17-associated inflammatory activity as well. This dual signaling capacity makes IL-25/IL-17RB biologically relevant across a range of allergic and inflammatory conditions, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis, where excessive epithelial alarmin release sustains ongoing tissue inflammation. By blocking IL-17RB directly, a monoclonal antibody can prevent IL-25 from initiating this cascade at its earliest step, upstream of the many downstream cytokines and cell types it activates. This receptor-level blockade is intended to dampen both the Th2-driven and Th17-associated components of disease in a single intervention, offering a potentially broader anti-inflammatory effect than agents that target only one downstream cytokine.