Head-to-head evidence
Afrezza vs Insulin Lispro
Same mechanism, same race: design-graded trial evidence for both assets, with the grading rationale shown. Grades describe the quality of the evidence, never the merits of either security.
Type 2 Diabetes
Shared mechanism: Insulin receptor (basal) · full Type 2 Diabetes pipeline
Afrezza
Marketed by MannKind Corporation
NCT00332488 · Phase 3 · completed
The trial randomized 528 participants across three treatment groups and used an active comparator, but it was open-label rather than blinded and its primary endpoint was the surrogate measure HbA1c. The primary comparison was not met: HbA1c decreased by 0.70% with inhaled insulin plus metformin versus 0.78% with metformin plus secretagogue (p=0.420).
Insulin Lispro · Humalog
Marketed by Eli Lilly
NCT00551356 · Phase 3 · completed
The study was randomized and compared two active treatments, but it was open-label, enrolled 53 participants, and used a glucose-excursion measure rather than a hard clinical endpoint. Because the registry provides no results, it is not possible to determine whether the primary endpoint was met.
Next expected readout: December 2026 · NCT06251635 (registry estimate)
The full competitive landscape for each asset (every same-race competitor with aligned evidence, sortable) is on the asset pages: Afrezza's landscape · Insulin Lispro's landscape