Head-to-head evidence
Afrezza vs IcoSema
Same mechanism, same race: design-graded trial evidence for both assets, with the grading rationale shown. Grades describe the quality of the evidence, never the merits of either security.
Type 2 Diabetes
Shared mechanism: Insulin receptor (basal) · full Type 2 Diabetes pipeline
Afrezza
Marketed by MannKind Corporation
NCT00332488 · Phase 3 · completed
The trial randomized 528 participants across three treatment groups and used an active comparator, but it was open-label rather than blinded and its primary endpoint was the surrogate measure HbA1c. The primary comparison was not met: HbA1c decreased by 0.70% with inhaled insulin plus metformin versus 0.78% with metformin plus secretagogue (p=0.420).
IcoSema · Kyinsu
Marketed by Novo Nordisk
NCT05352815 · Phase 3 · completed
Participants were randomized 1:1 to IcoSema or active insulin icodec, but the study was open-label rather than blinded. The primary HbA1c endpoint was statistically significantly better with IcoSema, although HbA1c is a surrogate metabolic measure rather than a hard clinical endpoint.
The full competitive landscape for each asset (every same-race competitor with aligned evidence, sortable) is on the asset pages: Afrezza's landscape · IcoSema's landscape