Head-to-head evidence
Afrezza vs GZR101
Same mechanism, same race: design-graded trial evidence for both assets, with the grading rationale shown. Grades describe the quality of the evidence, never the merits of either security.
Type 2 Diabetes
Shared mechanism: Insulin receptor (basal) · full Type 2 Diabetes pipeline
Afrezza
Marketed by MannKind Corporation
NCT00332488 · Phase 3 · completed
The trial randomized 528 participants across three treatment groups and used an active comparator, but it was open-label rather than blinded and its primary endpoint was the surrogate measure HbA1c. The primary comparison was not met: HbA1c decreased by 0.70% with inhaled insulin plus metformin versus 0.78% with metformin plus secretagogue (p=0.420).
GZR101
Developed by Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals
NCT06199505 · Phase 2 · completed
The study used randomization and an active comparator, but it was open-label and had a surrogate primary endpoint—change in HbA1c rather than a hard clinical outcome. Registry results were not posted at the time of grading; the key result shown was recovered from the cited external source.
Caveat: this result is taken from a company announcement or a news report of one, not from the trial registry or a peer-reviewed publication. Treat the figures as the sponsor's own statement, not as independently verified evidence.
Next expected readout: February 2027 · NCT07387003 (registry estimate)
The full competitive landscape for each asset (every same-race competitor with aligned evidence, sortable) is on the asset pages: Afrezza's landscape · GZR101's landscape